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A caddie, also spelt "cadie", was an urban occupation in 18th century Scotland, best described, albeit inadequately, as a "messenger-boy". It is neither clear exactly when it originated, nor when it ceased to exist. Although the Scottish National Dictionary states its occurrence "in Edinburgh and other large towns", printed sources refer specifically to Edinburgh. The name appears to have been a borrowing of the military term 'cadet', though pronounced as the original French word ''cadet''. While the historical record provides no explanation for the choice of that particular term, it may be that a caddie's relationship to his employer was seen as resembling that of a military cadet attached to an officer, whose commands he was expected to obey (see Robert Chambers' description below). == Origin == Writing in the middle of the 18th century, the first historian of Edinburgh, William Maitland, described "cadees" as "errand-men, news-cryers or pamphlet-sellers" existing before 1714. As of that date they became an organised society subject to regulation and supervision by the Town Council, which was responsible for upholding the monopoly of its members' activities within the city. Magistrates on the Council determined the number of members, each of whom was issued with an "apron of blue linnen" to be worn as a badge of identification "which none may lend, on pain of losing his privilege". On joining the Company each new member paid a deposit of 10 pounds Scots, as a surety for honesty and good behaviour, and the sum of 14 shillings and 6 pennies Scots into the "Company's Box". Members also had to pay a fixed amount of 6 pennies Scots after selling each new edition of newspapers and pamphlets. They were fined for transgressions of the Company's rules, as well as incivilities such as drunkenness and gambling. Rule 3 laid down obligations for moral conduct to the effect that "Every one of the Company shall behave himself decently, and shall not use any unbecoming language to one another, much less to any other person, neither shall they curse or swear by faith, conscience, or the like, much less profane the Lord's name, or break the Sabbath-day; but shall go to church every Lord's Day, and therein behave themselves discreetly during Divine worship." Those who were illiterate were expected to attend school for one day each week to learn to read and write. Slovenly appearance, lodging disreputably and "fighting with any, beating his neighbour, or keeping a correspondence with thieves, pickpockets or debauched persons" were grounds for expulsion. Caddies were employed on a first come, first served basis, Rule 5 stipulating that "When one is called to go an errand, or sell a paper, where two or more are present, he who cometh first to the person who called him, shall have the benefit of what is sold or had for going the errand, unless the person who called otherwise determine it." Caddies were also entrusted with carrying out specific tasks by order of the Town Council, as in 1738 when they caught and killed every dog in town to prevent the spread of rabies.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caddie (18thC Edinburgh)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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